There are over 100 large cisterns in Istanbul, Turkey. However, the Basilica Cistern remains by far the most impressive and renowned. More than a mere underground water tank, this historical structure appears as a grand palace hidden beneath the city’s bustling streets. With its mysterious atmosphere and dimly lit ambiance, a stroll through the cistern sends shivers down your spine – a sensation that has not only captivated visitors but also inspired several film directors worldwide.
History of the Basilica Cistern
In ancient times, supplying water in cities with arid climates was a major challenge around the world. Cisterns were built to store rainwater for times of need, and many private households had their small reservoirs. The Basilica Cistern, originally constructed under Emperor Constantine’s reign, was later reconstructed and expanded by Emperor Justinian after damage from riots. Known also as the Yerebatan Palace, it played a crucial role in providing water for Constantinople and later served the great palace during Justinian’s era.
Following the Ottoman conquest of the city, a sophisticated running water system was developed. Initially used to irrigate the Topkapi Palace gardens, the cistern gradually fell into obscurity—until the 16th century when the antiquarian Peter Gyllius discovered local legends of an underground waterway that even supplied fish. His search led him to uncover a hidden basement entrance to the cistern, marking one of his most significant finds in the exploration of ancient Constantinople.
Current Condition
Rediscovered in the 16th century, the Basilica Cistern has undergone several restorations over time. However, it wasn’t until 1987 that the structure was sufficiently revamped and made accessible to the public. The Istanbul Metropolitan Museum spearheaded a major restoration in 1985—removing approximately 50,000 tons of mud and debris, installing durable wooden platforms, modern lighting, and even constructing a staircase at the entrance.
Before these improvements, visitors had no choice but to explore the cistern by boat. Today, the polished walkways allow guests to wander and marvel at this magnificent underground world with ease.
About the Structure
Legend has it that the cistern originally featured a lush garden and magnificent marble columns. Today, while traces of the garden are long gone, studies confirm that many of the columns were crafted from marble and granite. Experts believe that much of the stone was recycled from earlier Roman and Byzantine temples, lending the cistern its enigmatic and layered history.
Measurements
Designed to be as functional as it was impressive, the cistern features walls approximately 5 meters thick to ensure water resistance. It houses 336 columns, each standing 9 meters tall and organized into 12 rows. Covering an area of roughly 140 by 70 square meters, the cistern was capable of holding around 80,000 cubic meters of water. Its unique entry is accessible via 52 stone steps, and historically, water was channeled from a reservoir located some 20 kilometers away in the Belgrade Forest.
Mystery Items
One of the most captivating aspects of the Basilica Cistern is its collection of mysterious architectural fragments—many of which appear to be repurposed from older structures. Intricate carvings and engravings on several columns hint at a legacy that transcends time. Among these intriguing items, the following stand out:
Gorgon (Medusa) Heads
The cistern’s most famous relics are the two column bases featuring Gorgon (Medusa) heads, located on the left side of the chamber. Although it is clear these sculptures were recycled from ancient Roman ruins, their exact origin remains shrouded in mystery. One head lies on its side while the other is inverted—a deliberate positioning rumored to counteract the myth that gazing upon Medusa’s eyes turns onlookers to stone. This clever placement has sparked numerous legends over the centuries.
Hen’s Eye Column
In contrast to the smoother surfaces of most columns, one column—dubbed “The Hen’s Eye”—is adorned with repetitive carvings resembling teardrops. Its design has drawn comparisons to the columns of the Triumphal Arch of Theodosius. Many historians now believe these markings symbolize the sorrow and suffering of the laborers who perished during the cistern’s construction, serving as a silent tribute to their sacrifice.
Location
Situated just across from the iconic Hagia Sophia, the Basilica Cistern is in the heart of Istanbul’s historic peninsula. This central location places it within walking distance from other must-see attractions such as the Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace. Numerous guided tours combine these landmarks, so you can easily include the Basilica Cistern in your itinerary and immerse yourself in the rich culture of this vibrant city.
Nearby Restaurants
Given its proximity to many historical attractions, the Basilica Cistern is surrounded by an array of fantastic dining options. Whether you’re looking for traditional Turkish cuisine or international flavors, you’ll find plenty of eateries to satisfy your appetite. For added convenience, these restaurants are perfect for a meal before or after your tour.
Divella Bistro Restaurant
Located within easy reach of the cistern, Divella Bistro Restaurant is celebrated as one of Istanbul’s culinary gems. Patrons consistently rate it as a top choice for dining, thanks to standout dishes such as seafood casserole, Anatolian kebab, and pepper steak. The inviting ambience and impeccable service make it a favorite among both locals and tourists alike.
Kosk 1981 Cafe & Restaurant
Just five minutes away from the Basilica Cistern, Kosk 1981 Cafe & Restaurant is renowned for its delightful Turkish cuisine alongside a diverse menu that includes vegan and international options. This trendy spot provides a relaxed setting that captures the essence of Istanbul’s gastronomic scene, making it an ideal pit stop during a day of exploring.
Basilica Restaurant
True to its name, Basilica Restaurant is located right next to the cistern. This conveniently placed eatery offers an extensive selection of dishes, including vegan and gluten-free options, ensuring that all visitors have a pleasant dining experience after a fascinating tour of the underground marvel.
Movies And Books
The mystical charm of the Basilica Cistern has inspired numerous filmmakers and authors over the years. Before or after your visit, you can delve into one of these movies or books that highlight the cistern’s allure:
- James Bond – From Russia with Love (1963)
- Pawn in Frankincense by Dorothy Dunnett
- The International (2009)
- Brotherhood of Tears (2013)
- Crescent Dawn by Clive and Dirk Cussler (2010)
General But Needed Information
- Opening Hours: 8 am to 6 pm
- Entrance Fee: Ranges from 30-50 TL depending on the season and time of visit
- Estimated Visit Duration: Approximately one hour, though you may linger longer to absorb its atmosphere
- Practical Tip: The flooring can be slippery, so be sure to wear appropriate footwear while exploring the cistern
